/**********************************************************************
 *
 * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
 * http://geos.osgeo.org
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013 Sandro Santilli <strk@kbt.io>
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Refractions Research Inc.
 *
 * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
 * by the Free Software Foundation.
 * See the COPYING file for more information.
 *
 **********************************************************************
 *
 * Last port: ORIGINAL WORK
 *
 **********************************************************************
 *
 * This file provides a single templated function, taking two
 * const Geometry pointers, applying a binary operator to them
 * and returning a result Geometry in an unique_ptr<>.
 *
 * The binary operator is expected to take two const Geometry pointers
 * and return a newly allocated Geometry pointer, possibly throwing
 * a TopologyException to signal it couldn't succeed due to robustness
 * issues.
 *
 * This function will catch TopologyExceptions and try again with
 * slightly modified versions of the input. The following heuristic
 * is used:
 *
 *	- Try with original input.
 *	- Try removing common bits from input coordinate values
 *	- Try snaping input geometries to each other
 *	- Try snaping input coordinates to a increasing grid (size from 1/25 to 1)
 *	- Try simplifiying input with increasing tolerance (from 0.01 to 0.04)
 *
 * If none of the step succeeds the original exception is thrown.
 *
 * Note that you can skip Grid snapping, Geometry snapping and Simplify policies
 * by a compile-time define when building geos.
 * See USE_TP_SIMPLIFY_POLICY, USE_PRECISION_REDUCTION_POLICY and
 * USE_SNAPPING_POLICY macros below.
 *
 *
 **********************************************************************/

#ifndef GEOS_GEOM_BINARYOP_H
#define GEOS_GEOM_BINARYOP_H

#include <geos/algorithm/BoundaryNodeRule.h>
#include <geos/geom/Geometry.h>
#include <geos/geom/GeometryCollection.h>
#include <geos/geom/Polygon.h>
#include <geos/geom/PrecisionModel.h>
#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
#include <geos/precision/CommonBitsRemover.h>
#include <geos/precision/SimpleGeometryPrecisionReducer.h>
#include <geos/precision/GeometryPrecisionReducer.h>

#include <geos/operation/overlay/snap/GeometrySnapper.h>

#include <geos/simplify/TopologyPreservingSimplifier.h>
#include <geos/operation/IsSimpleOp.h>
#include <geos/operation/valid/IsValidOp.h>
#include <geos/operation/valid/TopologyValidationError.h>
#include <geos/util/TopologyException.h>
#include <geos/util.h>

#include <memory> // for unique_ptr

//#define GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP 1
#define GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP_PRINT_INVALID 1

#ifdef GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
# include <iostream>
# include <iomanip>
# include <sstream>
#endif


/*
 * Always try original input first
 */
#ifndef USE_ORIGINAL_INPUT
# define USE_ORIGINAL_INPUT 1
#endif

/*
 * Check validity of operation between original geometries
 */
#define GEOS_CHECK_ORIGINAL_RESULT_VALIDITY 0


/*
 * Define this to use PrecisionReduction policy
 * in an attempt at by-passing binary operation
 * robustness problems (handles TopologyExceptions)
 */
#ifndef USE_PRECISION_REDUCTION_POLICY
# define USE_PRECISION_REDUCTION_POLICY 1
#endif

/*
 * Check validity of operation performed
 * by precision reduction policy.
 *
 * Precision reduction policy reduces precision of inputs
 * and restores it in the result. The restore phase may
 * introduce invalidities.
 *
 */
#define GEOS_CHECK_PRECISION_REDUCTION_VALIDITY 0

/*
 * Define this to use TopologyPreserving simplification policy
 * in an attempt at by-passing binary operation
 * robustness problems (handles TopologyExceptions)
 */
#ifndef USE_TP_SIMPLIFY_POLICY
//# define USE_TP_SIMPLIFY_POLICY 1
#endif

/*
 * Use common bits removal policy.
 * If enabled, this would be tried /before/
 * Geometry snapping.
 */
#ifndef USE_COMMONBITS_POLICY
# define USE_COMMONBITS_POLICY 1
#endif

/*
 * Check validity of operation performed
 * by common bits removal policy.
 *
 * This matches what EnhancedPrecisionOp does in JTS
 * and fixes 5 tests of invalid outputs in our testsuite
 * (stmlf-cases-20061020-invalid-output.xml)
 * and breaks 1 test (robustness-invalid-output.xml) so much
 * to prevent a result.
 *
 */
#define GEOS_CHECK_COMMONBITS_VALIDITY 1

/*
 * Use snapping policy
 */
#ifndef USE_SNAPPING_POLICY
# define USE_SNAPPING_POLICY 1
#endif

/* Remove common bits before snapping */
#ifndef CBR_BEFORE_SNAPPING
# define CBR_BEFORE_SNAPPING 1
#endif


/*
 * Check validity of result from SnapOp
 */
#define GEOS_CHECK_SNAPPINGOP_VALIDITY 0


namespace geos {
namespace geom { // geos::geom

inline bool
check_valid(const Geometry& g, const std::string& label, bool doThrow = false, bool validOnly = false)
{
    if(g.isLineal()) {
        if(! validOnly) {
            operation::IsSimpleOp sop(g, algorithm::BoundaryNodeRule::getBoundaryEndPoint());
            if(! sop.isSimple()) {
                if(doThrow) {
                    throw geos::util::TopologyException(
                        label + " is not simple");
                }
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        operation::valid::IsValidOp ivo(&g);
        if(! ivo.isValid()) {
            using operation::valid::TopologyValidationError;
            TopologyValidationError* err = ivo.getValidationError();
#ifdef GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
            std::cerr << label << " is INVALID: "
                      << err->toString()
                      << " (" << std::setprecision(20)
                      << err->getCoordinate() << ")"
                      << std::endl
#ifdef GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP_PRINT_INVALID
                      << "<A>" << std::endl
                      << g.toString()
                      << std::endl
                      << "</A>" << std::endl
#endif
                      ;
#endif
            if(doThrow) {
                throw geos::util::TopologyException(
                    label + " is invalid: " + err->toString(),
                    err->getCoordinate());
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

/*
 * Attempt to fix noding of multilines and
 * self-intersection of multipolygons
 *
 * May return the input untouched.
 */
inline std::unique_ptr<Geometry>
fix_self_intersections(std::unique_ptr<Geometry> g, const std::string& label)
{
    ::geos::ignore_unused_variable_warning(label);
#ifdef GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
    std::cerr << label << " fix_self_intersection (UnaryUnion)" << std::endl;
#endif

    // Only multi-components can be fixed by UnaryUnion
    if(! dynamic_cast<const GeometryCollection*>(g.get())) {
        return g;
    }

    using operation::valid::IsValidOp;

    IsValidOp ivo(g.get());

    // Polygon is valid, nothing to do
    if(ivo.isValid()) {
        return g;
    }

    // Not all invalidities can be fixed by this code

    using operation::valid::TopologyValidationError;
    TopologyValidationError* err = ivo.getValidationError();
    switch(err->getErrorType()) {
    case TopologyValidationError::eRingSelfIntersection:
    case TopologyValidationError::eTooFewPoints: // collapsed lines
#ifdef GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << label << " ATTEMPT_TO_FIX: " << err->getErrorType() << ": " << *g << std::endl;
#endif
        g = g->Union();
#ifdef GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << label << " ATTEMPT_TO_FIX succeeded.. " << std::endl;
#endif
        return g;
    case TopologyValidationError::eSelfIntersection:
    // this one is within a single component, won't be fixed
    default:
#ifdef GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << label << " invalidity is: " << err->getErrorType() << std::endl;
#endif
        return g;
    }
}


/// \brief
/// Apply a binary operation to the given geometries
/// after snapping them to each other after common-bits
/// removal.
///
template <class BinOp>
std::unique_ptr<Geometry>
SnapOp(const Geometry* g0, const Geometry* g1, BinOp _Op)
{
    typedef std::unique_ptr<Geometry> GeomPtr;

    //using geos::precision::GeometrySnapper;
    using geos::operation::overlay::snap::GeometrySnapper;

    // Snap tolerance must be computed on the original
    // (not commonbits-removed) geoms
    double snapTolerance = GeometrySnapper::computeOverlaySnapTolerance(*g0, *g1);
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
    std::cerr << std::setprecision(20) << "Computed snap tolerance: " << snapTolerance << std::endl;
#endif


#if CBR_BEFORE_SNAPPING
    // Compute common bits
    geos::precision::CommonBitsRemover cbr;
    cbr.add(g0);
    cbr.add(g1);
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
    std::cerr << "Computed common bits: " << cbr.getCommonCoordinate() << std::endl;
#endif

    // Now remove common bits
    GeomPtr rG0 = g0->clone();
    cbr.removeCommonBits(rG0.get());
    GeomPtr rG1 = g1->clone();
    cbr.removeCommonBits(rG1.get());

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
    check_valid(*rG0, "CBR: removed-bits geom 0");
    check_valid(*rG1, "CBR: removed-bits geom 1");
#endif

    const Geometry& operand0 = *rG0;
    const Geometry& operand1 = *rG1;
#else // don't CBR before snapping
    const Geometry& operand0 = *g0;
    const Geometry& operand1 = *g1;
#endif


    GeometrySnapper snapper0(operand0);
    GeomPtr snapG0(snapper0.snapTo(operand1, snapTolerance));
    //snapG0 = fix_self_intersections(snapG0, "SNAP: snapped geom 0");

    // NOTE: second geom is snapped on the snapped first one
    GeometrySnapper snapper1(operand1);
    GeomPtr snapG1(snapper1.snapTo(*snapG0, snapTolerance));
    //snapG1 = fix_self_intersections(snapG1, "SNAP: snapped geom 1");

    // Run the binary op
    GeomPtr result(_Op(snapG0.get(), snapG1.get()));

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
    check_valid(*result, "SNAP: result (before common-bits addition");
#endif

#if CBR_BEFORE_SNAPPING
    // Add common bits back in
    cbr.addCommonBits(result.get());
    //result = fix_self_intersections(result, "SNAP: result (after common-bits addition)");

    check_valid(*result, "CBR: result (after common-bits addition)", true);

#endif

    return result;
}

template <class BinOp>
std::unique_ptr<Geometry>
BinaryOp(const Geometry* g0, const Geometry* g1, BinOp _Op)
{
    typedef std::unique_ptr<Geometry> GeomPtr;

    GeomPtr ret;
    geos::util::TopologyException origException;

#ifdef USE_ORIGINAL_INPUT
    // Try with original input
    try {
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Trying with original input." << std::endl;
#endif
        ret.reset(_Op(g0, g1));

#if GEOS_CHECK_ORIGINAL_RESULT_VALIDITY
        check_valid(*ret, "Overlay result between original inputs", true, true);
#endif

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Attempt with original input succeeded" << std::endl;
#endif
        return ret;
    }
    catch(const geos::util::TopologyException& ex) {
        origException = ex;
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Original exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
#endif
    }
#endif // USE_ORIGINAL_INPUT

    check_valid(*g0, "Input geom 0", true, true);
    check_valid(*g1, "Input geom 1", true, true);

#if USE_COMMONBITS_POLICY
    // Try removing common bits (possibly obsoleted by snapping below)
    //
    // NOTE: this policy was _later_ implemented
    //       in JTS as EnhancedPrecisionOp
    // TODO: consider using the now-ported EnhancedPrecisionOp
    //       here too
    //
    try {
        GeomPtr rG0;
        GeomPtr rG1;
        precision::CommonBitsRemover cbr;

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Trying with Common Bits Remover (CBR)" << std::endl;
#endif

        cbr.add(g0);
        cbr.add(g1);

        rG0 = g0->clone();
        cbr.removeCommonBits(rG0.get());

        rG1 = g1->clone();
        cbr.removeCommonBits(rG1.get());

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        check_valid(*rG0, "CBR: geom 0 (after common-bits removal)");
        check_valid(*rG1, "CBR: geom 1 (after common-bits removal)");
#endif

        ret.reset(_Op(rG0.get(), rG1.get()));

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        check_valid(*ret, "CBR: result (before common-bits addition)");
#endif

        cbr.addCommonBits(ret.get());

#if GEOS_CHECK_COMMONBITS_VALIDITY
        check_valid(*ret, "CBR: result (after common-bits addition)", true);
#endif

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Attempt with CBR succeeded" << std::endl;
#endif

        return ret;
    }
    catch(const geos::util::TopologyException& ex) {
        ::geos::ignore_unused_variable_warning(ex);
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "CBR: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
#endif
    }
#endif

    // Try with snapping
    //
    // TODO: possible optimization would be reusing the
    //       already common-bit-removed inputs and just
    //       apply geometry snapping, whereas the current
    //       SnapOp function does both.
// {
#if USE_SNAPPING_POLICY

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
    std::cerr << "Trying with snapping " << std::endl;
#endif

    try {
        ret = SnapOp(g0, g1, _Op);
#if GEOS_CHECK_SNAPPINGOP_VALIDITY
        check_valid(*ret, "SNAP: result", true, true);
#endif
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "SnapOp succeeded" << std::endl;
#endif
        return ret;

    }
    catch(const geos::util::TopologyException& ex) {
        ::geos::ignore_unused_variable_warning(ex);
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "SNAP: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
#endif
    }

#endif // USE_SNAPPING_POLICY }

// {
#if USE_PRECISION_REDUCTION_POLICY


    // Try reducing precision
    try {
        long unsigned int g0scale =
            static_cast<long unsigned int>(g0->getFactory()->getPrecisionModel()->getScale());
        long unsigned int g1scale =
            static_cast<long unsigned int>(g1->getFactory()->getPrecisionModel()->getScale());

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Original input scales are: "
                  << g0scale
                  << " and "
                  << g1scale
                  << std::endl;
#endif

        double maxScale = 1e16;

        // Don't use a scale bigger than the input one
        if(g0scale && static_cast<double>(g0scale) < maxScale) {
            maxScale = static_cast<double>(g0scale);
        }
        if(g1scale && static_cast<double>(g1scale) < maxScale) {
            maxScale = static_cast<double>(g1scale);
        }


        for(double scale = maxScale; scale >= 1; scale /= 10) {
            PrecisionModel pm(scale);
            GeometryFactory::Ptr gf = GeometryFactory::create(&pm);
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
            std::cerr << "Trying with scale " << scale << std::endl;
#endif

            precision::GeometryPrecisionReducer reducer(*gf);
            GeomPtr rG0(reducer.reduce(*g0));
            GeomPtr rG1(reducer.reduce(*g1));

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
            check_valid(*rG0, "PR: geom 0 (after precision reduction)");
            check_valid(*rG1, "PR: geom 1 (after precision reduction)");
#endif

            try {
                ret.reset(_Op(rG0.get(), rG1.get()));
                // restore original precision (least precision between inputs)
                if(g0->getFactory()->getPrecisionModel()->compareTo(g1->getFactory()->getPrecisionModel()) < 0) {
                    ret.reset(g0->getFactory()->createGeometry(ret.get()));
                }
                else {
                    ret.reset(g1->getFactory()->createGeometry(ret.get()));
                }

#if GEOS_CHECK_PRECISION_REDUCTION_VALIDITY
                check_valid(*ret, "PR: result (after restore of original precision)", true);
#endif

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
                std::cerr << "Attempt with scale " << scale << " succeeded" << std::endl;
#endif
                return ret;
            }
            catch(const geos::util::TopologyException& ex) {
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
                std::cerr << "Reduced with scale (" << scale << "): "
                          << ex.what() << std::endl;
#endif
                if(scale == 1) {
                    throw ex;
                }
            }

        }

    }
    catch(const geos::util::TopologyException& ex) {
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Reduced: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
#endif
        ::geos::ignore_unused_variable_warning(ex);
    }

#endif
// USE_PRECISION_REDUCTION_POLICY }





// {
#if USE_TP_SIMPLIFY_POLICY

    // Try simplifying
    try {

        double maxTolerance = 0.04;
        double minTolerance = 0.01;
        double tolStep = 0.01;

        for(double tol = minTolerance; tol <= maxTolerance; tol += tolStep) {
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
            std::cerr << "Trying simplifying with tolerance " << tol << std::endl;
#endif

            GeomPtr rG0(simplify::TopologyPreservingSimplifier::simplify(g0, tol));
            GeomPtr rG1(simplify::TopologyPreservingSimplifier::simplify(g1, tol));

            try {
                ret.reset(_Op(rG0.get(), rG1.get()));
                return ret;
            }
            catch(const geos::util::TopologyException& ex) {
                if(tol >= maxTolerance) {
                    throw ex;
                }
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
                std::cerr << "Simplified with tolerance (" << tol << "): "
                          << ex.what() << std::endl;
#endif
            }

        }

        return ret;

    }
    catch(const geos::util::TopologyException& ex) {
#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
        std::cerr << "Simplified: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
#endif
    }

#endif
// USE_TP_SIMPLIFY_POLICY }

#if GEOS_DEBUG_BINARYOP
    std::cerr << "No attempts worked to union " << std::endl;
    std::cerr << "Input geometries:" << std::endl
              << "<A>" << std::endl
              << g0->toString() << std::endl
              << "</A>" << std::endl
              << "<B>" << std::endl
              << g1->toString() << std::endl
              << "</B>" << std::endl;
#endif

    throw origException;
}


} // namespace geos::geom
} // namespace geos

#endif // GEOS_GEOM_BINARYOP_H